Токоприёмник как был у советских вагонов, и теперь используется в некоторых городах, переставлен со старых вагонов: https://transphoto.org/photo/1671238/ .

Фары похожи на ацетиленовые фары старинных автомобилей. Или что это за цилиндры над фарами?

Для чего воздушная труба с краном возле угла вагона?

Для чего коробка под средним окном впереди?

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Current collector is like was one of Russian and Soviet trams, and still in use in some cities, moved from old trams: https://transphoto.org/photo/1671238/ .

Headlight are like gas headlights of antic cars. Or what are cylinders above the headlights for?

What is the air pipe near the corner of the car for?

What is the box under the middle windshield for?

Quote (Евгений Лысый, 03.10.2022):


> Current collector is like was one of Russian and Soviet trams, and still in use in some cities, moved from old trams: https://transphoto.org/photo/1671238/ .

A lot of tramway companies in Russia originated under European influence and with ditto vehicles, especially from Belgium and Germany. In the early years of electric traction, there was a lot of experiments with pantographs. By then, one was more successful (or practical) than the other. I could write a whole story about this, but this would lead me too far. I understand that the tramway in Novosibirsk was inaugurated in 1933/1934, and at that time this type of pantograph was popular.

https://transphoto.org/photo/1557280/?gid=7730

In Ghent it was also used till 1974!

>
> Headlight are like gas headlights of antic cars. Or what are cylinders above the headlights for?

The practical application of bulbs (on trams) came much later. By 1901, electric light bulbs did exist, but they were rare. Apart from that: the application of electricity came to cities thanks to trams, and the electricity supply served to run the trams. Also, don't expect the first electric trams to have lights inside. The first trams were copies of horse-drawn trams, which were themselves successors to horse-drawn carriages. They were certainly not comfortable: there was neither heating nor lighting.

>
> What is the air pipe near the corner of the car for?

No idea.

>
> What is the box under the middle windshield for?

As mentioned above: the first electric trams were copies of horse-drawn carriages. These were fully open, but very soon they decided to close them (partially or completely) anyway.
This is what this type of tram originally looked like:

https://transphoto.org/photo/1574640/?vid=485927

As you can see, a solution had to be found for the controls: so this is the box you see.
There have been a lot of solutions to close the originally open trams.

From the same first series of trams, this variant is also known:

https://transphoto.org/photo/1664419/

Until the end of its existence (1990), this company was known for its endless creative renovations to its trams ... and these are just minor details.
Its successor (De Lijn) rebuilt the original coastal tram for many more years into an almost unrecognisable...

https://transphoto.org/photo/1322019/?vid=220493
https://transphoto.org/photo/1425223/?vid=221059

I realise it's a long answer, but I find tram history a fascinating subject, which I am happy to share...

Thank you for the detailed answer! I was sure that trams had electrical light from the very beginning - but was wrong.

We should not call current collector of trams "pantograph". In Russia people often use this word for the collector of trains and moderm trams, like those coastal trams, but that is still wrong. "Pantograph" is actually a mechanism where parts move parallel. Such mechanisms were used to hold rulers on large drawing boards, and now are used in "plug doors" in buses and trains (I don't like such doors, but they are a good example).