Городской электротранспортAscensor da Bica
Лиссабон
| Ascensor da Bica | |
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Designed by Raoul Mesnier and inaugurated on June 28, 1892 by Nova Companhia dos Ascensores Mecânicos de Lisboa (NCAML), this funicular with an average inclination of 12%, a difference in level of 45 meters and a distance of 283 meters, on a double rail track embedded in the street pavement, with a 900 mm gauge and central slot for connecting the cable. It starts from Rua de São Paulo and ends at Largo do Calhariz. Initially it also used water counterweights to move the cars, just like the other funiculars in Lisbon, using the counterweight system, but in 1896 it began to work like the Lavra and Glória funiculars, with steam engine traction from Maschinenfabrik Esslingen AG. All the machinery and boilers were located in the lower station building on Rua de São Paulo, where in 1894, a turnstile was installed to count passengers which still exists today. The entrance to the lower station is from inside a building at Rua de São Paulo and not on the public road like its counterparts. The climb begins by leaving the building, through the back, as if leaving a tunnel to Rua Duarte Belo, connecting to the upper station at Largo do Calhariz. In 1912, after signing a new contract with the Lisbon city council authorizing modifications to the electrical system, it was possible to co-operate with Companhia Carris de Ferro de Lisboa and use the Santos power station. With the electricfication of the funicular both cars received pantographs on the roof to collect the electric current and were driven by two 600 volt DC electric motors, connected in series, so that a car could only be started with the joint maneuver of both cars. After an accident in 1914 the funicular was left it immobilized for around 9 years. During this time the engines from the cars were removed and instead installed underground at Largo do Calhariz. The pantographs remained only for joint control of the engine that moves them and the lighting of the cars. It came into the possession of Carris in 1926, as required by the Lisbon city council and resumed service in 1927. The Bica funicular consists of two carriages, each with three uneven compartments with independent access, with the capacity to transport 23 passengers, including the elevator operator, with bells identical to those used in trams, to alert pedestrians. In 1933, the cars received new bodies from Theodor Bell & Co, assuming their current appearance since then, identical to the Carris trams. With more than a century of existence, it is the most typical funicular in the city of Lisbon and, although it does not have the same inclination and climb as Glória, it is nowadays one of the main tourist attractions in the Portuguese capital. Due to its enormous historical and cultural importance, this elevator was classified as a National Monument in February 2002. In 2010, the Bica cars were redesigned by the artist Alexandre Farto, who covered the typical yellow surface with opaque metallic reflective film, under the Carris project called "Arte em Movimento" ("Art in Movement"). This installation remained visible until the end of June 2010. In 2013, a similar initiative covered the surface of the cabins with a pattern illustrating Portuguese pavement. | |
| Information written by Karalis Arturs. Last updated 5th May 2024. | |
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